Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory infections and susceptibility profile in patients treated. Guayaquil, 2019-2023 (Original)
Keywords:
ecuador; prevalence; antimicrobial resistance; respiratory tractAbstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of respiratory infections worldwide. It has a wide capacity to acquire virulence factors that make it resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, so it must be permanently monitored. The objective was to analyze Staphylococcus aureus in respiratory infections and the susceptibility profile in patients treated at an Infectious Disease Hospital in Guayaquil in the period 2019-2023. An analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out. 252 records of adult patients with positive microbiological cultures were selected. In these isolates, a prevalence of 34.5% was determined in the study period. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was identified, observing a wide range in the percentage of antimicrobial susceptibility (22.2%-98.8%). The isolated strains showed lower susceptibility (p<0.001) to macrolides, and higher susceptibility to aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, oxazolidinones, streptogramins, ansamycins and nitrofurans. Methicillin-sensitive isolates were identified with a frequency of 47.2%. A high association was determined between positivity to Staphylococcus aureus in isolates from respiratory tract samples from outpatients, hospitalized patients and those in intensive care with the methicillin susceptibility/resistance profile. A high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus is demonstrated in patients with respiratory infections in the last five years in a group of Ecuadorian patients, which include strains with risk phenotypes in communities and in hospital environments, so transmission control strategies and continuous surveillance of the implicit factors are required.
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