Treatment of the divisibility criteria for Primary Education. (Review)

Abstract

The divisibility criterions in the teaching of Mathematics play an important role in the study of the arithmetic in Primary Education, these are used to simplify fractions, to investigate whether a given number is prime or not, among other contents. From the study carried out by different authors, it can be appreciated that some of them develop this content by using the arithmetic congruence that is not studied in the Cuban primary teaching, and others doesn’t make it with the necessary scientific rigor. On the other hand, in the Mathematic textbooks is not explicit an adequate methodological treatment that allow students the conscious and deep appropriation of this content, which constitute the objective of this work. A study of the divisibility relationship in the whole numbers is carried out, which can reduce easily to the natural numbers; where said relationship is defined and exemplified, it’s necessary properties are stated or demonstrated to obtain or demonstrate a considerable amount of divisibility criteria, some of these are exemplified and one is illustrated from their applications to the resolution of exercises with text. This work was introduced in the corresponding content to the program of the subject Mathematics I of the career Degree in Primary Education, and it was applied to an extracted sample of 19 students from a population of 35 students.