Ethical Legacy of Nineteenth-Century Cuban Enlightenment Thinkers: Humanism and Social Critique (Monograph)

Abstract

The Nineteenth century in Cuba was fundamental for the consolidation of the nation and Cuban national identity. In this context, a critical thought emerged that analyzed the social problems stemming from the colonial condition and the institution of slavery. The reflections of José Agustín Caballero, Félix Varela, José de la Luz y Caballero, and José Antonio Saco, grounded in a humanist ethics, exemplify this trend. Therefore, this study analyzes how, from a humanist perspective, these intellectuals questioned the oppressive social reality and the moral degradation of their time. They advocated for social reforms, criticized the limitations of scholastic dogmas (without rejecting humanist Christian principles), and emphasized the central role of education in moral regeneration.