ON ETHNOGENESIS KILOMBOLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: THE CASE OF QUILOMBO OF ROSA – AMAPÁ/AP (Original)

Abstract

The quilombola communities of the state of Amapá, Brazilian Amazon, began their ethnogenesis processes at the beginning of the 21st century, in its relationship with the BrazilQuilombola Program, public policy of the Federal Government. This article aims to reflect on the factors involved in the process of ethnogenesis of Quilombo do Rosa. The research methodology is based on ethnography carried out with the community, with field trips in December 2017 and February 2018. For the production of ethnogenesis itself, two founding processes were identified: the first, the mobilization in 2002 against a mining company, when it planned to deposit arsenic, toxic waste from mining, in the community lands; the second, the arrival of a public policy, the Brasil Quilombola Program. As an expression of the contradictions present in the process of ethnogenesis, the Rosa had to face internal resistance to self-identification as a quilombola by some members of the community itself; resistance in part overcome by the group's own consensus production processes, still present today, in the consciousness of community residents still opposed to self-identification and titling of the territory as a quilombola. The decisive driving force for the intentionality of the Rosa community towards self-recognition as a quilombola and the respective support of the law were the real threats to the territory of the community experienced in the period. As regards the relationship between ethnogenesis and territory, self-recognition as a quilombola and the public positioning as such was decisive in securing the group's territory in the face of these external threats of the period.