Complete atrioventricular septal defect. Diagnosis in a young athlete (Original)

Abstract

Atrioventricular septal defect is considered a congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary flow in which its clinical manifestations are dissimilar, mainly consisting of a triad: repeated respiratory infections, heart failure and failure to thrive. Diagnosis is clinical and supported by X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and nuclear magnetic resonance. Therapy is based on supportive measures, until surgical correction is performed as the treatment of choice. The purpose of this article is to describe the unusual clinical presentation of a complete atrioventricular septal defect in a young athlete. To this end, the patient was diagnosed clinically, ultrasound-based, and electrically at the cardiology clinic of the Hermanos Cordové Pediatric Hospital in Manzanillo, Granma. A therapeutic plan was then imposed and he was subsequently referred to the William Soler Pediatric Cardiocenter for corrective surgical treatment that allowed the complete resolution of the disease. A clinical case was presented and the medical literature was reviewed using search engines, meta-search engines and databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Lilacs and Scopus). Medical examination is of vital importance for the early identification of cardiovascular conditions in the initiation of sports, since, in the case of atrioventricular septal defect, it may appear late, but with a severe symptomatic and signological cortege. Surgical treatment and a cardiovascular rehabilitation program are essential for the individual's return to properly dosed physical activity.