Programa progresivo de intervención para el desarrollo de la flexibilidad en taekwondistas en etapa puberal (Original)
Palavras-chave:
flexibilidad; programa de intervención; entrenamiento progresivo; taekwondo; pubertad.Resumo
El desarrollo de la flexibilidad en taekwondistas en etapa puberal requiere programas estructurados que consideren la progresión de la carga y las particularidades fisiológicas del crecimiento. Sin embargo, en contextos formativos es frecuente la aplicación de rutinas no periodizadas, lo que limita la adaptación neuromuscular y la eficacia del entrenamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar y fundamentar un programa progresivo de intervención para el desarrollo de la flexibilidad en taekwondistas de 11 a 13 años, así como validar su aplicabilidad en un entorno deportivo real. Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño pre-experimental longitudinal. El programa fue estructurado en cinco fases progresivas durante 15 semanas, incorporando principios de sobrecarga progresiva, especificidad e individualización. La validación práctica se realizó mediante la comparación de mediciones pre y post intervención a través del Test de Wells y Dillon. Los resultados evidenciaron un incremento promedio de 0.79 cm en la flexibilidad, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = .008), lo que respalda la viabilidad y eficacia del programa diseñado. Se concluye que el programa constituye una propuesta estructurable, replicable y adaptable a academias formativas de deportes de combate, aportando una herramienta metodológica fundamentada en principios fisiológicos y del entrenamiento deportivo.
Downloads
Referências
Bergeron, M. F., Côté, J., Cumming, S. P., et al. (2024). IOC Consensus Statement on elite youth athletes competing at the Olympic Games—Essentials to a healthy, safe and sustainable paradigm. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108186
Castillo, D., et al. (2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis of various injury prevention programs in youth soccer players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17, 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01246-8
Donti, O., Konrad, A., Panidi, I., Dinas, P. C., & Bogdanis, G. C. (2022). Is there a “window of opportunity” for flexibility development in youth? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine – Open, 8, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00476-1
Geßlein, M., Rüther, J., Bail, H. J., Schuster, P., Krutsch, W., & Wolpert, A. K. (2020). Injury incidence rates and profiles in elite taekwondo during competition and training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 41, 54–58. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1021-1776
Han, M. O., Lee, N. K., & Jun, H. P. (2023). Injury incidence and its characteristics in Korean youth and collegiate Taekwondo sparring athletes: A retrospective study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085528
Jeong, H. S., Ha, S., Jeong, D. H., O’Sullivan, D. M., & Lee, S. Y. (2021). Injury and illness in World Taekwondo Junior athletes: An epidemiological study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042134
Jeong, H. S., O’Sullivan, D. M., Jeong, D. H., & Lee, S. Y. (2021). Sports injuries and illnesses after implementation of the web-based surveillance system in World Taekwondo. Journal of Athletic Training, 56, 1232–1238. https://doi.org/10.4085/330-19
Konrad, A., Alizadeh, S., Daneshjoo, A., Hadjizadeh Anvar, S., Graham, A., Zahiri, A., Goudini, R., Edwards, C., Scharf, C., & Behm, D. G. (2024). Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 13(2), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.002
Lystad, R. P., Alevras, A., Rudy, I., Soligard, T., & Engebretsen, L. (2021). Injury incidence, severity and profile in Olympic combat sports: A comparative analysis of 7712 athlete exposures from three consecutive Olympic Games. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55, 1077–1083. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102958
Mahmoudi, F., Daneshjoo, A., Bahiraei, S., & Sahebozamani, M. (2024). Effects of injury prevention programs on muscle flexibility in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Physical Treatments, 14(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.32598/ptj.14.1.589.1
Minghelli, B., Machado, L., & Capela, R. (2020). Musculoskeletal injuries in taekwondo athletes: A nationwide study in Portugal. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 66, 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.124
Parry, G. N., Williams, S., McKay, C. D., Johnson, D. J., Bergeron, M. F., & Cumming, S. P. (2024). Associations between growth, maturation and injury in youth athletes engaged in elite pathways: A scoping review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(17), 1001–1010. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108233
Paulauskas, R., Pundzevicius, V., & Figueira, B. (2025). Effects of eight weeks incremental elastic resistance training on roundhouse kick quality and physical performance in Taekwondo athletes in a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 15, 15054. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99647-9
Son, B., Cho, Y. J., Jeong, H. S., & Lee, S. Y. (2020). Injuries in Korean elite taekwondo athletes: A prospective study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145143
Tsiakaras, N., Karatrantou, K., Batatolis, C., Papavasileiou, K., Tzeli, F., & Gerodimos, V. (2025). Intrasession and intersession reliability of flexibility tests during developmental years: The effects of sport, age, and sex. Sports, 13(8), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13080238
Wik, E. H. (2022). Growth, maturation and injuries in high-level youth football (soccer): A mini review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 975900. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.975900
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Direitos autorais (c) 2026 Revista científica Olimpia

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.





















