Characteristics of the pre-competitive emotional manifestations in athletes of speed cadets and juvenile. (Original)

Abstract

The competition generates psychological demands that cause high levels of psychic tension and demands on the athlete's nervous system. In observations made during the preparatory controls of the speed athletes of the Combinado Deportivo "José Luis Arruñada Martin" it was found that they manifested emotional states that negatively influenced their performance, such as false starts, stiffness of movements in the race, too much excitement and sudden changes in moods. It seeks to know in depth the emotional states associated with the competitive performance of these athletes. Objective to determine the types of pre-start associated with the competitive performance of speed athletes, taking into account the fundamental reasons for their performance, the predominant temperamental type and the levels of reactive anxiety. A descriptive cross-sectional non-experimental study was carried out with 9 sprint athletes. To meet the objective, several techniques are applied, such as the pre-start sheet, the Eysenck personality inventory, the 3 reasons technique, the IDARE Test and the detection, stopping and overcoming operational thinking technique. It was possible to know the pre-start state of the athletes: 22% with a combative disposition, 67% with fever in the start and 11% with apathy in the start; the most frequent temperament was sanguine in 3 athletes, also the type of sports-motive that predominated was the intrinsic individual in 5 athletes. Finally, it was possible to know that the level of dominant reactive anxiety is medium, as well as what some negative thoughts overwhelm the athletes before starting the competition.