Exploration of the livestock system in Petit-Hapont, Léogane, Haití.

Abstract

In the Petit-Hapont communal section, located in the Léogâne commune, cattle ranching is an important source of income and food security for farming families. The objective of this study was to evaluate cattle management practices in the Petit-Hapont communal section of Léogâne, Haiti. A purposive sampling method was used, selecting 13 ranchers. Data were collected through direct observation of farms and interviews. The data were organized, classified, and analyzed descriptively. The dominant local breed is the Criollo. Dairy breeds observed, often crossbred, include Holstein and Jersey. Beef breeds include Brahman and Charolais. Crossbreeding between the Criollo and imported breeds predominates. Reproduction is exclusively through natural mating, with 20 to 30 females per bull. The proposed recovery plan includes the establishment of forage plots and the creation of reserves for the dry season. A regular health program; the selection of breeding animals to avoid inbreeding; the gradual introduction of artificial insemination; and the training of livestock farmers are all important factors. The conclusion shows that, despite favorable natural resources, various limitations, such as a lack of technical support, animal diseases, and forage scarcity during the dry season, restrict production. Therefore, it is necessary to improve livestock practices and strengthen veterinary services to develop this sector.