Beneficios de la actividad física en la salud del adulto mayor: revisión sistemática (Original)

Abstract

This study focuses on the analysis of the benefits of the practice of physical activity on the quality of life of people in the "older adults" age group. From a specific systematic review of the subject, where several databases Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, PubMed and academic Google were used as for the selection criteria of studies which was based on a theoretical and bibliographic compilation, with research within the period 2016-2021. A sample of 28 research papers was obtained, giving emphasis on understanding the difference between "exercise" and "physical activity", where "physical activity" is defined as: any activity performed that entails energy expenditure through mobility generated by the muscles of the body. While "exercise" is understood as an activity to maintain or improve physical fitness. The findings show that the continuous practice of physical activity provides hundreds of benefits in the physical, social and emotional aspects of the older adult. Among the physical aspects we can mention: the development of strength, balance, flexibility and coordination that, together, allow the adoption of a better body posture to avoid falls and injuries. On the other hand, within the emotional aspect it allows: the improvement of self-esteem, controls cognitive deterioration and within the social aspect the interaction that avoids the development of depression or degenerative diseases. It is necessary to promote healthy habits within the culture of movement to improve health.